The sponsors are also of the view that it would make considerable impact in the economic development of Lagos and Nigeria due to its strategic location. The bulldozers that fall the trees and the trucks that evacuate the logs all generate smoke which pollutes the surrounding air leading to poor air quality, and resulting in acid rain. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. The country features 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, which is known as Abuja.The country of Nigeria features over five hundred different ethnic groups, many different languages, and declared its independence from the United Kingdom on October 1, 1960. We provide you with the latest breaking news. Also the Project Director, Arctic Infrastructure (AI), Mr. Lookman Oshodi, observed that in a city like Lagos where the per square kilometre of land available to a resident is relatively small, physical development is in spread form and cohesive approach to organise the city is not adequate, leading to competition over space which gives the outlook of the winner takes all. Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. In the course of this period a small outlet was created by the side of the sand filled area, which allowed the entry of river water into the sand filled area during high tide. The dredged soil that is evacuated from the river bottom is dumped on land surface and smothers coastal vegetation such as mangroves. For instance, establishment of refinery in a locality leads to the reclamation of more coastal lands to harbor the cluster of people who come to seek for jobs. The reclamation land which is in two phases is located on a reclaimed land of over 100 hectares. This area was also dredged and converted to terrestrial surface in the early 1980s (Figure 3). Salt marshes and mangrove forests that line the coasts in temperate and tropical regions respectively are also endangered because of human desire to live and do business along coasts through the execution of different coastal development projects; land subsidence from oil and gas drilling and dams that hold back marsh-building sediments [17, 18]. A research article published by Ibidun Adelekan titled Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos, Nigeria says: Metropolitan Lagos, situated on the narrow lowland coastal stretch bordering the Atlantic Ocean and originally covered with mangrove swamps, has experienced significant land cover changes as a result of past and present land reclamation activities to secure land for urban development., The article says further: In 1960, Lagos covered an area of about 200 square kilometres, but by the beginning of the twenty-first century, its contiguously built-up area was estimated at about 1,140 square kilometers, and sections of the metropolis along the coastline have high population Densities.. Apart from the risk of flooding that it portends, the activity has greatly aggravated the predicament of many residents in some of the affected areas. The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the people. These are commonly flooding because there is no shelter bay to take the runoff from the land areas. On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. At about 345 people per square mile, it is also the most densely populated country in Africa. The suggested solution to revert an already devastated area is by applying natural and human mediated ecological principles to facilitate land and coastal recovery [20]. An example is the establishment of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Bonny Island in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. by Revolva ( m ): 1:58pm On Jul 18 , 2020 This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. Thus in other to expand the land area to accommodate the industrial complex, surrounding creeks were mowed down; sand filled and solidifies to build offices and apartments for workers. The Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission takes us over part of the Dutch province of Flevolandthe newest province in the Netherlands and one of the largest land reclamation projects in the world. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. Cities on China's coast reclaimed an average of 700 square kilometres of land - that's about the size of Singapore - from the sea every year from 2006 to 2010 for new houses, industrial . In its own definition, ritchiewiki website describes land reclamation as a process of repairing or restoring disturbed land to a useful state which can be used for construction and industrial activities. The impact of land reclamation on coastal environment and marine ecology is well recognized and widely studied. More than a thousand acres of land was to be created by building a seawall more than 6km in length with. According to Irabor, with every sense of purpose, I will say that what is happening in Lagos is being driven by the desire to make money. Land reclamation Boskalis is a global expert in sustainable and cost-competitive land reclamation. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. The white patch indicates the sand filled area while the green patches indicates mangrove forest that is still standing. The sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation. On its right is the popular Isale Eko, an. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. Over population is a major factor that had led to the extension of cities beyond coastal limits. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Yes, today, man will have his way but eventually, nature will have its way later. Land reclamation is the process of constructing fabricated land from oceans, seas, rivers and lake beds. In the same vein the wheel of the bulldozers fragments the soil particles and makes it porous and prone to leaching or wind erosion. It occurs at on-shore or off-shore locations [3]. mangrove wetlands. The conversion of a coastal environment to a terrestrial environment is absolute and cannot be reversed. It is also designed in such a way that it will accommodate massive commercial and residential purposes. The problem of this action is that the nipa palm forest after being cleared is repossessed by the government for infrastructural developments, which rather than reduce the negative effect worsen the situation of the coast. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. Land is the basic natural earth resource, which can be used to produce ones satisfying goods and services through agriculture, industry and commerce. The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. Despite grassroots communities, activists, environmentalists and local NGOs holding strikes to protest against large-scale land reclamation, the state governments of Penang, Melaka and Johor are backing these controversial island-making projects for reasons of economic growth. There are also some burrowing organisms that dig into shore sand. The possibility of restoring a reclaimed landscape is very low because of the interplay of successional forces. Imperial City is also a new reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land at the back of Lekki Phase one. Nearly one in six Africans is a Nigerian. Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. The Governors of each states of the federation hold the land in trust for the Federal Government, and are entitled to be the sole signatory of all certificate of occupancy (C of O) before a piece of land is legally owned by an individual or group of individuals. Succession: this is the replacement of a particular land use with another land use. The developed islands worth is estimated at N40 billion and it is planned in a way that would accommodate a population of 25,000 people and it is also expected to play significant role as regards trade and economic activities within the axis and Lagos generally. Minna. Industry experts are also concerned with the level of compliance with existing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act No. Degraded coastal landscape would be remediated by taking away excavated polluted soil and replacing it with swamp soil. They stand to benefit from future developments in the axis. Diamond Island is also seen as a cradle of commercial activities because the plots of lands there are available and meant for commercial, industrial and also residential activities. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. . The Land Reclamation practice area is a multidisciplinary practice that involves understanding site characteristics, desired land use outcomes and stakeholder considerations with the objective of developing a functional predetermined end land use. Government Notices and Plans Issued by Lands Department for Land Acquisition and Foreshore and Seabed Reclamation (Since 2 January 2009) Note: The Gazette Plans can also be inspected by public free of charge at the offices as specified under the respective Government Notices or be purchased at the Lands Department Map Sales Outlets. Mangroves are regarded as land forming organisms [10]. Agricultural activities such as rice paddies and aquaculture are embarked upon in swampy coastal locations [14]. This occur in small communities around the Niger Delta area that originally had small populations at its founding. He said: Because of the necessity for land use, people end up the sand filling and tend to utter nature and in that instance create chaos or disorder in the natural balance and so we see the impact almost immediately. The direct causes include: (i) land expansion, (ii) construction activities, (iii) land acquisition and (iv) succession (land-forming activities of mangroves). Introductory Chapter: Landscape Reclamation as a K Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria. We have carried out some investigations. Segregation: this is when units or communities cluster together based on homogeneity of ideals or goals. So, some observers are of the view that the recent flooding that are now common in these areas are not unconnected to the ongoing massive land reclamation. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). This system is usually used when the sea bed is shallow. Licensee IntechOpen. Land is highly priced and many have died for its sake through fratricidal wars and communal clashes because of its scarcity. Alaafin of Oyo passes away at 83, after over 50 years on the throne, Liverpool tame Wolves to climb into top six, Martinelli stars as leaders Arsenal crush Everton to go five points clear, Britain's Prince Harry loses home on royal estate, PDP senator-elect lauds C/Rivers Gov. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Water can be drained from shallow areas, or the bed raised, making the land available for development. For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. The second example is another site known as Borikiri in the outskirts of Port Harcourt, the capital city of Rivers State. This is because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over a long period of time. Gracefield Island is another new joint project between the Lagos state government and Gravitas Investment Limited and it is expected to cover 100 hectares of land of the Lagos lagoon at the Northern end of the Chevron Way and the Northern Offshore of the Ajiran Land. Reclamation is carried out by both government and private developers. A future gas plant is to be located at the beach adjacent to Edko Town in the eastern part of Abu Qir Bay. Population increase has led to the migration of people towards the coastal locations. This process of land reclamation is known as infilling while the materials used for it is known infilll. The colonization of pioneer species will accelerate the establishment of other successional stages (e.g. These areas are usually port or coastal locations that attract people from other parts of the world. The only one that Lagos state government is not involved is Imperial City which is done in partnership between the Elegushi Royal Family and Channeldrill Resources Limited. 5. Abia (state) Aba Arochukwu Umuahia Adamawa (state) Jimeta Mubi Numan Yola Akwa Ibom (state) Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Oron Uyo Anambra (state) Awka Onitsha Bauchi (state) Azare Bauchi Jamaare Katagum *Address all correspondence to: aroloyen@yahoo.com. 86 of 1992 govern the EIA process in Nigeria. Backing the argument of Nwilo, a former Professor of Geography at the University of Ibadan, Adetoye Faniran, viewed the matter in a way that seems supernatural. Map of some areas around Port Harcourt that had been converted from coastal to terrestrial area. Highly placed individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas. Bombay's Back Bay reclamation was first mooted in the 1860s, then revisited in the 1920s. Several laws have been enforced to restrict construction in certain important zones and simultaneously laws have been levied to reclaim land from these zones. This facility is situated at a coastal community that is land-locked. Industries also flock around coastal areas because of the ease of transportation of goods and equipments. . Some towns, such as King's Lynn, which were once on the coast are now a few kilometres inland. Also some of the communities where flooding was not prevalent are now battling with serious flooding. Along the coast, the average precipitation is about 2,000mm to 3,000mm. 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